Quiz: Logic for Ontologists: Open Worlds, Closed Worlds and Inference

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Question 1 of 3

1. Question

Your ontology states hasParent max 2, and your data asserts three differently named parent IRIs for one person. What does an OWL reasoner conclude?

An inconsistency, because three asserted values exceed the stated maximum of two
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Nothing at all, because OWL cardinality axioms are ignored unless a matching SHACL shape exists
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That at least two of the three IRIs denote the same individual; you get an actual contradiction only if you also assert that the three are mutually differentFrom
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That the third parent assertion is silently retracted, since OWL inference is non-monotonic
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Question 2 of 3

2. Question

Why do description logics restrict first-order logic, and which description logic does OWL 2 DL correspond to?

Reasoning over full first-order logic is undecidable, so description logics trade expressive power for decidability; OWL 2 DL corresponds to SROIQ(D)
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First-order logic is closed-world, so description logics restrict it to obtain open-world semantics; OWL 2 DL corresponds to Datalog
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First-order logic cannot express class hierarchies, so description logics add subsumption; OWL 2 DL corresponds to the EL profile
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First-order logic has no standard concrete syntax, so description logics fix one; OWL 2 DL corresponds to full first-order logic with equality
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Question 3 of 3

3. Question

The lesson closes with a triangle of layers. Which statement is consistent with it?

OWL's complementOf expresses not recorded as a Customer, which is the same negation as failure that SPARQL's FILTER NOT EXISTS provides
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OWL can express defaults and exceptions such as birds fly except penguins, because classification is non-monotonic
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SHACL is the inference layer, deriving under the open-world assumption what must be true given the axioms
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OWL is the inference layer, open world, no unique names and monotonic; SPARQL is the query layer with closed-world negation available on demand; SHACL is the validation layer, closed world and constraint-based
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Quiz: Logic for Ontologists: Open Worlds, Closed Worlds and Inference

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