Quiz: Identity, Change and Time: 3D vs 4D Worldviews

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Question 1 of 3

1. Question

Under the 4D or perdurantist view, how is the fact that pump P-101 had a 15 kW motor until March 2023 and an 18.5 kW motor afterwards represented?

As one enduring pump object whose power attribute is updated, with a bitemporal audit row recording the change
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As two states, that is two temporal parts, of P-101, each with unchanging properties and a definite temporal extent, so nothing is ever overwritten
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As two distinct pumps linked by owl:sameAs once the motor swap is confirmed
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As a single triple annotated with a validFrom timestamp using RDF reification
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Question 2 of 3

2. Question

What identity test does the lesson attribute to the BORO method, and why does it matter for legacy re-engineering?

Two things are the same when a functional or inverse functional property assigns them the same key value, which is why entity resolution is a logical rather than empirical task
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Two things are the same when they belong to the same class and share a preferred label, which makes SKOS mapping the core technique
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Two things are identical exactly when they have the same spatiotemporal extent, which gives modellers a brutal, decidable test for whether two systems' records refer to the same thing
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Two things are the same unless a reasoner can prove them different, because the unique name assumption is dropped
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Question 3 of 3

3. Question

According to the lesson’s 3D versus 4D comparison table, which grouping of representative frameworks is correct?

BFO, standardised as ISO/IEC 21838-2, sits on the 3D endurantist side along with most ER models, while BORO, HQDM, IDEAS and IES4 are the 4D representatives
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BFO and HQDM are both 4D frameworks, and only classic ER models remain 3D
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IES4 is a 3D standard that the National Digital Twin Programme later extended with audit tables to approximate 4D behaviour
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BORO is the endurantist framework, while BFO, DOLCE and IDEAS are the perdurantist ones
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Quiz: Identity, Change and Time: 3D vs 4D Worldviews

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