Quiz: Foundations of Knowledge Representation

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Question 1 of 3

1. Question

A team maintains a SKOS product taxonomy in which Laptops is skos:narrower than Computers, and now wants a formal OWL ontology. Which statement correctly characterises the difference between the two constructs?

skos:broader is a strict logical implication, whereas rdfs:subClassOf is only a navigational hint used to build site menus.
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An ontology organises terms with broader and narrower relationships, while a taxonomy states formal logical axioms such as domain and range.
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skos:broader only places one concept above another for human navigation, whereas rdfs:subClassOf entails that every instance of the subclass is also an instance of the superclass.
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The two are interchangeable, because skos:Concept and owl:Class are two names for the same modelling primitive.
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Question 2 of 3

2. Question

A taxonomist files Wheel underneath Car for catalogue navigation. An engineer transcribes this into OWL as Wheel rdfs:subClassOf Car. What is the consequence, and what is the correct fix?

A reasoner entails that every wheel is a car and therefore inherits car characteristics such as a VIN and a seating capacity; the fix is to model a part-whole relation such as Wheel isPartOf Car.
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Nothing is broken, because rdfs:subClassOf and skos:broader carry identical semantics; the two files can be used interchangeably.
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The reasoner immediately reports the ontology as inconsistent, because Wheel and Car are implicitly disjoint classes.
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The fix is to assert Wheel owl:sameAs Car so that the two classes correctly share their instances.
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Question 3 of 3

3. Question

An ontology defines MargheritaPizza with existential restrictions stating that it has some mozzarella topping and some tomato topping. Why can a reasoner still entertain a Margherita that also has pepperoni, and what removes that possibility?

It cannot: existential restrictions already enumerate the permitted toppings exhaustively.
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Because OWL applies the Closed World Assumption to restrictions; setting sh:closed true on the class resolves the ambiguity.
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Because restrictions are ignored unless the property is functional; declaring hasTopping functional fixes it.
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Because under the Open World Assumption an unstated fact is unknown rather than false, so a closure axiom using owl:allValuesFrom (only in Manchester syntax) is needed to restrict hasTopping to mozzarella and tomato.
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Quiz: Foundations of Knowledge Representation

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